Culture plays an important role in defining ethics standards because dissimilar cultures socialize their people differently, according to what is acceptable behaviour. The potential significance of ethnic groups for marketing justifies inquiry into the moral judgments, standards, and rules of conduct exercised in marketing decisions and situations arising from decisions whether or not to focus on individual ethnic groups within an economy. Identifying and targeting ethnic groups for marketing purposes are tasks fraught with many ethical difficulties. In a multicultural society (...) consisting of a dominant group and many diverse, minority groups defined by ethnicity, these problems can be expected to increase substantially. Consequently, marketers may include minority ethnic consumers in their mainstream marketing programs. In itself, this has ethical consequences. Alternatively, if marketers seek to target individual minority ethnic groups within the same economy a further set of ethical consequences needs to be considered. This paper reviews the concepts of ethnicity and ethnic groups and their relevance for marketing strategy within an economy where there is a dominant group and also significant minority ethnic groups. The ethical consequences for minority communities arising from the use of non-ethnic, mainstream marketing programs are examined. An alternative approach, ethnic marketing, is also examined and its ethical consequences in terms of other groups within the one country appraised. The ethical dilemma and tradeoffs facing marketers within advanced, culturally diverse countries are then considered. (shrink)

The emergence of the new coronavirus at the beginning of 2020, considered a public health emergency due to its high transmission rate and lack of specific treatment, led many countries to adhere to social isolation. Although necessary, social isolation causes important psychological changes, negatively affecting the health of the population, including the older population. The aim of this study is to propose a 4-week, home-based physical exercise protocol for older people in social isolation and evaluate whether will promote positive changes (...) in psychological variables such as anxiety, mood, depression, and stress, and in the variables sleep, quality of life, and physical capacities in the older adults. The sample will be selected in a probabilistic way from individuals aged 60 years or more from the city of Itajaí. Of these, half will perform a home-based resistance training protocol, with 3 weekly sessions, for 4 consecutive weeks. For group allocation, patients will be randomized with a computer-generated 1:1 allocation to the physical exercise group or control group. Outcomes will be depressive symptoms, sleep quality, quality of life, stress, mood states, anxiety, and functional capacity, evaluated at baseline, after 4 weeks, and after 15 days of follow-up. This study will offer a home-based exercise protocol for older adults, with load progression and remote monitoring, thus filling a gap in the provision of PE in this population. The results will be able to identify possible improvements not only in physical health, but also in quality of life and mental health.Clinical Trial Registration: The trial registration was carried out in the Brazil Clinical Trials Registry.. (shrink)

Psychodrama is an effective psychotherapeutic model but interventions with adolescents require age-tailored techniques that maximize engagement and facilitate communication processes. This study describes a novel adaptation of a therapeutic mask technique to psychodrama with adolescents. Over the course of eight group sessions of psychodrama, five adolescents created their own mask and explored its therapeutic use. Their experiences were captured at the end of each session with the Helpful Aspects of Therapy form, and at the end of the study with the (...) Clinical Change Interview. Awareness/insight/self-understanding, empowerment and relief were the most significant aspects experienced by the adolescents, along with perceived increase of calmness and world connection, satisfaction in interpersonal communication and better emotional expression and regulation. The mask technique was experienced as a playful and engaging task that facilitated insight and interpersonal communication. Findings provide preliminary evidence on the clinical utility of mask-based psychodrama with adolescents. (shrink)

A definition of virtual or virtuality is not an easy task. Both words are of recent application in Philosophy, even if the concept of virtual comes from a respectable Latin tradition. Today’s meaning brings together the notions of potentiality, latency, imaginary representations, VR, and the forms of communication in digital media. This contagious, and spontaneous synonymy fails to identify a common vein and erases memory as a central notion. In the present essay, I’ll try to explain essential features of the (...) concept of virtual, taking the investigation of memory troubles in Pierre Janet’s work as an exemplification. Pierre Janet’s work represents a rare combination of medical observation and description of symptoms of mental illnesses, therapeutic guidance in hypnosis and philosophical writing about the main psychological themes of an epoch in transition from a Metaphysics of the Soul to the modern Experimental Psychology. Pierre Janet’s intellectual evolution since the 1880s until the end of his life is dominated by the philosophical project of a theory of the psychic system supported by three basic pillars: a concept of personality, a theory of memory and a sketch of a general theory of conduct. Such complex endeavour cannot be abstracted from the initial connections with Jean-Martin Charcot’s school at La Salpêtrière which meant a turning point in the tradition of the “animal magnetism” concerning the treatment of epileptic-hysterical symptoms along with the contributions of Hyppolite Bernheim’s “Nancy School” of hypnotism. J.-M. Charcot’s or H. Bernheim’s theorising about the organic and psychological aspects of the hypnotic treatment of the hysterical symptoms was already aware of the difficulty in dealing with the extent of the dissimulation of the patients regarding the symptoms of the illness, under hypnotic suggestion, even if Charcot insisted in the identification and cataloguing of the organic expressions, such as contractures or the posture of the body in arc during the attacks. The precise location of the “great hysteria” in the organic-psychic corridor was itself a riddle. If a symptom is a special type of sign, in the case of the “great hysteria” nobody knew for sure what it stood for. The clinical symptom of the attack stood for an organic trouble with cerebral causes, a psychological interruption of the normal sensorial and muscular movements or a disguise of the female desire? Pierre Janet described many hysterical patients, somnambulism and multiple personality since his articles in La Revue Philosophique de la France et l’ Étranger, a Journal founded by the philosopher, experimental psychologist and his intellectual predecessor Théodule-Armand Ribot. The description of the case of the “great hysterical” Lucie, treated by him, is an example of a theoretical hypothesising on multiple personality and discontinuity of memories fragments. There are more cases revealing the same relation between hysteria, somnambulism, personality dissociation and “alternating memory”. Decisively inspired by and corroborating P. Janet’s ideas, S. Freud conceived also the essential of the hysterical sicknesses as disorders of memory. The theme of memory came even more to the foreground in the dissertation L’Automatisme Psychologique. Here, the strange world of somnambulism was scrutinised along with hysterical contractures and convulsions, anaesthesia, the compulsion to repetition, obsessions, “automatic writing” in hysterical patients, multiple personality and “alternating memories”. In the depicted cases memory could not be taken as a homogenous series of remembrances or as a stock of disposable information but as a variable of the depth of the personalities’ inner formation. The so-called “seconde existence” of some somnambulists referred not only unconscious representations and unconscious thoughts but complete or inceptive latent personalities provided with multiple virtual existences and multiple memories. Hypnosis was the privileged technique to access to such multiple memories ignored by the official personality. Later and after the writing of his M.D. Dissertation, Contribution à l’ Étude des Accidents Mentaux chez les Hystériques, P. Janet addressed again the themes of memory and alternating memories in a series of lectures at the Collège de France but now according to the larger framework of a general theory of conduct which included a description of the social actions participating in the narrative construction of personal memories, and the role of social memory. (shrink)

O presente artigo é uma breve análise sobre Os Centros Clandestinos de Detenção (C.C.D) da última ditadura militar argentina (1976-1983) e sua patrimonialização. O texto parte para o debate sobre a inserção dos C.C.D’s enquanto patrimônio histórico e sua condição como espaço de preservação de um passado sensível enquanto lugar de memória. A discussão aqui abordada busca estabelecer as conexões entre O C.C.D’s como patrimônio prisional e as políticas de memória do Estado argentino, atravessados pela questão do direito a verdade (...) e justiça no contexto da sociedade argentina no tempo presente. (shrink)

« Dans cet article, nous tenterons d’interpréter la notion controversée de musique populaire brésilienne en tant que concept porteur d’un contenu à la fois utopique et idéologique, en nous appuyant sur le concept d’idéologie dans la pensée de Marx et d’Adorno, ainsi que sur une intuition du philosophe brésilien Vladimir Safatle. Notre hypothèse est la suivante : la musique populaire brésilienne, portée par un mouvement dialectique, a changé de paradigme tout au long du xx e siècle, avec la samba, la (...) bossa-nova et la musique populaire brésilienne ( mpb ) comme paradigmes successifs. Il s’agit alors d’identifier les changements du contenu utopique et idéologique de la musique brésilienne en fonction des mouvements de l’histoire du pays. Enfin, nous conclurons par une hypothèse sur notre époque actuelle, sur la crise de la musique populaire brésilienne et de son concept.». (shrink)

Coopération, co-opérations, sont des expressions qui énoncent le co, le cum, l’être ensemble comme condition de l’apparition du territoire de partage et d’une autre démocratie. Au début du millénaire, une transformation est devenue perceptible dans les villes du Brésil : un désir nouveau pour l’espace public et commun. Ce désir est apparu sous forme d’une myriade de mouvements activistes d’occupation et d’appropriation des espaces publics. Nous nous référons à des mouvements horizontaux, non hiérarchisés et auto-organisés de la société civile, qui (...) ont acquis une grande importance politique tels que les mouvements « Ocupe Estelita » à Recife, « Praia da Estação » à Belo Horizonte, et « A Batata Precisa de Você » à São Paulo. (shrink)

Le but de cet article est double. Il s’agit d’abord d’introduire un nouveau corpus de français oral numérisé, accessible sans restriction sur le web. CFPP2000 (Corpus du français parlé parisien des années 2000), qui comporte actuellement 500 000 mots alignés à l’oral au tour de parole, est constitué par un ensemble d’interviews conversationnelles sur les quartiers de Paris d’une à deux heures qui ont été réalisées en dyades ou le plus souvent en triades. L’article envisage l’influence pour la constitution du (...) corpus du but que nous nous étions fixé au départ, faciliter l’étude de la variation à l’oral pour le français parisien « commun ». Il aborde le choix des informateurs qui découle de cet objectif, les conduites d’entretien qui ont été adoptées. Il envisage ce qu’apporte la transcription d’entretiens relativement longs qui permet d’atténuer l’opposition entre analyse quantitative et analyse qualitative, ainsi que les précautions à prendre dans l’interprétation des résultats. Dans un deuxième temps, l’article présente les métadonnées, les concordanciers et les outils statistiques qui viennent enrichir le corpus et mentionne quelques travaux qu’il a permis de mener, tantôt en syntaxe de l’oral, tantôt autour de problèmes de variation morphologique. (shrink)

Le but de cet article est double. Il s’agit d’abord d’introduire un nouveau corpus de français oral numérisé, accessible sans restriction sur le web. CFPP2000 (Corpus du français parlé parisien des années 2000), qui comporte actuellement 500 000 mots alignés à l’oral au tour de parole, est constitué par un ensemble d’interviews conversationnelles sur les quartiers de Paris d’une à deux heures qui ont été réalisées en dyades ou le plus souvent en triades. L’article envisage l’influence pour la constitution du (...) corpus du but que nous nous étions fixé au départ, faciliter l’étude de la variation à l’oral pour le français parisien « commun ». Il aborde le choix des informateurs qui découle de cet objectif, les conduites d’entretien qui ont été adoptées. Il envisage ce qu’apporte la transcription d’entretiens relativement longs qui permet d’atténuer l’opposition entre analyse quantitative et analyse qualitative, ainsi que les précautions à prendre dans l’interprétation des résultats. Dans un deuxième temps, l’article présente les métadonnées, les concordanciers et les outils statistiques qui viennent enrichir le corpus et mentionne quelques travaux qu’il a permis de mener, tantôt en syntaxe de l’oral, tantôt autour de problèmes de variation morphologique. (shrink)

On se souvient de la formule de Churchill : " La démocratie est le pire des régimes, à l'exception de tous les autres". A l'évidence, nous n " aimons " pas la démocratie. Et pourtant nous sommes tous démocrates... Étrange procès en désamour que celui-là, dont la virulence égale l'ancienneté : toute petite déjà, à Athènes, la démocratie ne manquait pas de détracteurs... Myriam Revault d'Allonnes s'interroge, non pas sur les critiques ou les sarcasmes dont la démocratie est l'objet, mais (...) sur la nature de l'expérience démocratique, travaillée par l'incertitude, le conflit, l'inachèvement, inextricablement liée à ce qui s'oppose à elle et la menace. Comment l'homme démocratique, confronté à cette existence toujours problématique, ne serait-il pas en proie à l'insatisfaction et à la déception permanentes? Cependant, si nous n' "aimons" pas la démocratie, pouvons-nous ne pas la vouloir? Car c'est bien l'expérience démocratique qui fait de nous des sujets éthiques et politiques, des citoyens qui ne veulent pas être ainsi gouvernés : " pas comme ça, pas pour ça, pas par eux ". (shrink)

Il est assez rare qu’un concept philosophique s’échappe de l’arène académique. C’est pourtant le cas du concept de spécisme, qui a fait une entrée remarquée dans la sphère publique au cours de la dernière décennie. Il est désormais au cœur du débat de société sur nos devoirs envers les animaux non humains. Hélas, ce concept et les enjeux qu’il soulève sont souvent mal compris. Nombreux sont les auteurs qui contestent sa légitimité alors qu’ils le maitrisent mal. D’autres l’utilisent plus volontiers (...) sans toutefois mieux le comprendre. Les confusions qui entourent cette notion l’empêche de contribuer à la discussion autant qu’elle le pourrait. Le présent ouvrage entend remédier à cet état de faits en donnant de la notion de spécisme une présentation à la fois assez précise pour rendre justice aux discussions philosophiques dont elle fait l’objet et suffisamment claire pour être accessible à quiconque s’intéresse au statut moral des animaux. Il se divise en deux parties. La première aborde des questions ontologiques : Qu’est-ce exactement que le spécisme ? À quelles conditions existe-t-il ? Ces conditions sont-elles remplies dans les faits ? Quant à la seconde, elle porte sur des questions éthiques : Le spécisme peut-il être justifié ? Faut-il au contraire le condamner au même titre que le racisme et le sexisme ? (shrink)

La stèle porte deux versions successives d'une liste d'abats, dont la plus récente est précédée d'une inscription votive de l'agoranome du Pirée. On démontre qu'il s'agit d'une liste, la première de son espèce à Athènes, fixant les prix de vente maximums, et non d'un tableau de l'ἐπώνιον. On examine les renseignements fournis par cette liste concernant l'évolution des habitudes alimentaires et du coût de la vie au Ier s. av. J.-C. La nouvelle liste, avec des prix différents de ceux de (...) la première, fut publiée après la destruction du Pirée par Sylla. (shrink)

A l’opposé d’une philosophie ayant pour tâche de débrouiller le désordre apparent, de faire apparaître dans notre monde « des relations constantes et douées d’intelligibilité, se rendre maître des champs d’activité ouverts par la découverte de ces relations », il s’est trouvé, de loin en loin, des penseurs pour lesquels la philosophie se doit de dissoudre l’ordre apparent et d’affronter le chaos. « A de tels penseurs, cette tâche empoisonnée est apparue comme non seulement tâche unique mais encore tâche nécessaire (...) de la philosophie ». Réussir à penser le pire, tel est le but commun propre à ces philosophes et l’objet de ce livre est de s’interroger sur la nature de cette nécessité, sur la possibilité d’une philosophie tragique. (shrink)

Les résultats de l'étude du mur de Conon sur l'Akté, au Pirée, et de l'examen de ses différentes phases architecturales ont été étendus aux projectiles en pierre d'époque hellénistique recueillis en différents points des fortifications du Pirée. On fait des observations nouvelles sur la poliorcétique antique et plus particulièrement sur la fabrication de projectiles en pierre, taillés dans des colonnettes que l'assaillant ramassait dans les cimetières à l'extérieur des murs. Pour tenter une chronologie plus précise des boulets, on a étudié (...) leur poids du point de vue de la métrologie et avancé des hypothèses sur l'utilisation de la mine et de la livre dans les machines de guerre. (shrink)

Comment survivre à la vie? Car la vie finit mal, se passe mal aussi parfois, avec ruptures, chagrins, deuils, maladies, et mort. Comment traverser ces catastrophes? Avec l'aide de la foi, qui donne sens à ce qui n'est que souffrance? Mais qu'en est-il de l'athée? S'il veut être cohérent, il ne doit pas chercher à donner un sens à ces souffrances, à leur trouver une justification mais il ne peut faire fond que sur l'absurdité de la vie. Quelle fécondité trouver (...) aux vies abîmées? Comment penser la mort et la douleur? Comme ce qui est étranger à la vie, comme ce qui ne la concerne pas. Sans pour autant faire comme si cela n'était rien. Il faudrait donc tenir ensemble la réalité terrifiante du malheur et la valeur absolue de la vie, qui seule importe.Un essai de philosophie athée rigoureuse, qui pose la question essentielle : à quoi bon vivre? Introduction. Vivre au dehors. Idées pour la constitution d'une éthique athée Chapitre premier. Le pendule équivoque. Tomber malade, vivre debout Chapitre II. Expérience et misère de la mort Chapitre III. Vivre sans, vivre avec - après la mort Chapitre IV. Quelle tuile! Sur l'événement amoureux Chapitre V. Heureux qui comme David (Se faire son petit bonheur juif) Chapitre VI. Des petits et des grandsbouleversements La fin du pire? Remerciements. (shrink)

À partir d’une étude de cas issue de la clinique de la dépression postpartum parentale, l’article met en lumière les enjeux de « l’effet bébé » sur l’intrapsychique de la mère et du père mais aussi sur l’intersubjectivité active au sein du couple. La naissance de l’enfant réel et la « renaissance » de l’enfant en soi pour le père et la mère exposent le couple au surgissement de l’histoire infantile et bébé de chacun, avec le risque de la réactivation (...) d’événements traumatiques ou névrotiques. On observe alors dans la dynamique du couple une intersubjectivité qui s’organise à partir de mouvements d’intrication ou de mise en conflit, voire de désintrication, des subjectivités respectives, un peu à l’image de la rythmicité de l’intersubjectivité primaire, pour « le meilleur ou le pire » de leur parentalité ou/et de leur conjugalité. (shrink)

Face aux catastrophes annoncées, aux risques d'effondrements et aux désarrois qu'ils suscitent, est apparu en France depuis 2015 une « bataille des récits » où s'entremêlent études scientifiques, travaux de vulgarisation, mais également communautés et collectifs affinitaires. Les « grands récits » des XIXe et XXe siècles ayant fait faillite, il est courant d'entendre aujourd'hui que de nouveaux récits collectifs doivent émerger. Ils répondraient aux inquiétudes et redonneraient de l'espoir, leur conférant alors un potentiel quasi magique. Ce faisant, ils entraînent (...) alors des stratégies et des politiques différentes, voire opposées. Ce livre décode les fonctions et les puissances politiques du récit et ses enjeux, décrypte et compare les récits d'effondrements afin d'en comprendre les origines, les vertus, les crispations et les affects qu'ils brassent. Il rappelle également que la question des limites est un souci écologique essentiel et une responsabilité collective. (shrink)

A tradução a seguir tem como pretensão demonstrar o modo como Gaston Berger (1896-1960) em seu texto Husserl et Hume, promove uma articulação entre a fenomenologia de Edmund Husserl e o empirismo de David Hume. No texto, o autor apresenta a maneira como a fenomenologia ao valorizar a experiência (tendo-a como imprescindível) se aproxima da filosofia de Hume, e ao tratá-la como insuficiente por si mesma, acaba por estabelecer uma estreita relação com o idealismo transcendental kantiano. O fato é que (...) por mais que Husserl acredite ter superado a imediaticidade dos fatos empíricos vindo a construir um novo sistema de idealismo transcendental, a sua fenomenologia jamais deixou de clara fazer referência a Hume. (shrink)

O presente artigo almeja demonstrar que em Einleitung in die Logik und Erkenntnistheorie, de 1906/07, por meio de uma crítica ao ceticismo, Husserl promove uma mudança que será significativa no desenvolvimento posterior de sua filosofia: a introdução da εποχή. Ao contrário do ceticismo grego, tal conceito em Husserl, ao suspender o juízo, busca um dado indubitável: o ego. Isso proporciona com que Husserl supere o ceticismo, tanto em sua face dogmática (negação de possibilidade de todo o conhecimento), quanto crítica (suspensão (...) do juízo perante o alcance do conhecimento). Com isso, pode-se perceber que ao retomar um conceito cético da filosofia antiga, e opor-se ao relativismo, Husserl inaugura o seu primeiro esboço de uma filosofia pura, que adiante será concretizada, em sua última fase, como idealismo fenomenológico-transcendental. (shrink)

Existing theoretical literature on justice, law, and community typically treats them as ideas studying them through an analytical and rational approach. In this article, I propose to investigate these concepts through aesthetic experience as an attempt to both sharpen our imagination of such concepts and demonstrate they are inseparable. I do this by painstakingly examining the movies Shoplifters by Kore-eda and The House That Jack Built by Von Trier. Rather than focusing on thematic analysis, I claim and show that film (...) form is crucial for aesthetic and affective experience. Furthermore, and against the conventional view, I argue that both movies articulate a spatialized vision of justice defined by its materiality. Together these aspects help us to keep (re)imagining law, justice, and community, and grasp better their worldmaking properties and powers. (shrink)

O presente artigo pretende explorar a máxima contida em Os irmãos Karamázov (se não há Deus, tudo é permitido?) à luz do pensamento de Immanuel Kant. Para tanto, se vale do pensamento de Dostoiévski apenas na medida em que ele serve como auxílio na apresentação da ideia de Deus e de sua relação com a posição do ateu. Tendo em vista a filosofia kantiana, buscamos não apenas a apresentação dessa ideia, mas também sua relação com o ato moral e com (...) a própria condição desse ato. Isso, portanto, resultará em Kant, uma resposta duplamente negativa à pergunta que reflete a posição ateísta de Ivan Karamazov. Pois Kant ao distinguir o ato moral por dever e conforme o dever, defende que recorrer a algo externo à razão (Deus) constituiria uma vontade meramente heterônoma. Portanto, o ato moral por excelência ocorre quando a ação é realizada de um modo unicamente guiado pela razão, com base num interesse puro, e isso conduz, por sua vez, à reprovação por parte de Kant da referida máxima presente na obra de Dostoiévski. (shrink)

When preferences are such that there is no unique additive prior, the issue of which updating rule to use is of extreme importance. This paper presents an axiomatization of the rule which requires updating of all the priors by Bayes rule. The decision maker has conditional preferences over acts. It is assumed that preferences over acts conditional on event E happening, do not depend on lotteries received on Ec, obey axioms which lead to maxmin expected utility representation with multiple priors, (...) and have common induced preferences over lotteries. The paper shows that when all priors give positive probability to an event E, a certain coherence property between conditional and unconditional preferences is satisfied if and only if the set of subjective probability measures considered by the agent given E is obtained by updating all subjective prior probability measures using Bayes rule. (shrink)

O presente artigo tem como objetivo refletir acerca do modo como na crítica do conhecimento, Husserl passa da suspensão do juízo à afixação de um dado apodítico, revelado através do cogito. Para tal, através da análise de alguns elementos presentes em Die Idee der Phänomenologie, de 1907, almeja-se demonstrar que o dado apodítico encontrado por Husserl está envolvido na pergunta sobre a legitimidade do conhecimento. Deste modo, a fenomenologia husserliana se apresenta como a doutrina universal da essência, uma proposta que (...) tem em vista apresentar os fundamentos seguros à teoria do conhecimento. -/- . (shrink)

o artigo trata da compreensáo da Modernidade no pensamento de Foucault abordando a dimensáo historica da atualidade na esfera de problematizaçáo socio-politica dos nossos dias. Seu nucleo de argumentacáo concentra-se nas condições de exame da questáo etica atraves da leitura que Foucault faz de Kant do principio da maioridade , do telos da afiio e da autonomia individual. Com isto o artigo propõe um eixo de analise da ideia foucaultiana de uma estetica da existencia a partir da relaçao entre subjetividade (...) e poder. (shrink)

Dominus Mundi: Political Sublime and the World Order by Pier Giuseppe Monateri is fuelled by the observation that after the pluralist nation states-based Westphalian world order, we are now witness...

This article argues that to disrupt legal education in a radical sense, students need to become acquainted with the art of worldmaking and the view that law is a “way of worldmaking”. First, I show that law is a cultural semiotic practice that requires decoding and, for that reason, demands a creative intervention by those that want to know, understand, and do things with law. Altogether this amounts to recognizing the different modes in which law creates, and is part of, (...) worlds. Second, I propose that due to different features of their aesthetic form, comics are a particularly effective medium to place students before the myriad ways in which law and lawyers make and reproduce worlds. Third, I illustrate the argument by exploring how the Saga comic series, through its formal multimodality and narrative and cultural complexity, can make good on that challenge. (shrink)

Tradução de um artigo do discípulo de Husserl, Paul Landsberg, publicado em 1939, onde o autor tece algumas considerações sobre a ideia que Husserl tinha da filosofia.

Essa pesquisa elege como material específico de análise uma sequência de cursos oferecidos pelo “YouTube Academy” para a criação, gerenciamento e divulgação de uma empresa associada à plataforma de vídeos do YouTube. O objetivo é investigar os modos de imbricação e/ou separação entre o sujeito e a empresa. Para construir os procedimentos analíticos, delimitamos as seguintes perguntas: Como as formas imaginárias do sujeito (o “eu”, a identidade e a individualidade) estão relacionadas com a criação e o funcionamento de uma empresa (...) no YouTube? Como o trabalho e as relações de trabalho são significados nessa discursividade? A pesquisa é filiada à Análise de Discurso Materialista, em diálogo com autores que analisam as relações de trabalho contemporâneas. O olhar discursivo chega a três regularidades: 1) homogeneização das diferentes condições de produção no trabalho dos youtubers; 2) o paralelismo discursivo entre sujeito, canal e empresa (negócio); 3) uma retórica do equilíbrio entre “vida profissional” e “vida pessoal”. O material se sustenta no funcionamento de uma busca pela saturação dos sentidos com soluções e cursos para cada uma das etapas da (re)produção desse trabalho, para a suposta totalidade do processo. The specific analysis material for this essay was chosen from a sequence of courses, offered by the “YouTube Academy”, with the aim of creating, managing and announcing a company associated with the YouTube video platform. Its goal is to examine the ways of imbrication and/or separation between the subject and the company. In order to build the analytical procedures, we delineated the following questions: How are the imaginary for ms of the subject (the “self” as identity and individuality) related to the creation and operation of a company on YouTube? How are work and work relations meant in this discursivity? The research is affiliated with Materialist Discourse Analysis, in dialogue with authors who analyze contemporary work relations. The discursive look reaches three regularities: 1) homogenization of the different production conditions in the work of “youtubers”; 2) the discursive parallelism between subject, channel and company (busi-ness); 3) a rhetoric of the balance between “professional life” and “personal life”. The material is based on the operation of a search for the saturation of the senses with solutions and courses for each of the stages of the (re)production of this work, for the supposed totality of the process. (shrink)

This article discusses the ideological character of the notion of functional differentiation. According to Luhmann, the development of worldwide social differentiation leads to different regional developments and generates, through the inclusion/exclusion code, a division of the world between places where the functional differentiation operates appropriately and inappropriately. This paper argues, however, that functional differentiation is only readable as an ensemble of relations of power and ideological discourses. This subject is developed in light of theoretical approaches from the Marxist tradition and (...) from postcolonial studies. Regarding the first, the functional differentiation is reread as an abstract and generic equality, which permits the material reproduction of regional inequality. This idea provides a background for discussing the ideological features of the functional differentiation which serves the dominant position of Western countries in the international arena since it enables the maintenance of a ruling ideology, according to which the world is differentiated between the ‘civilized’ West and the ‘uncivilized’ non-West. (shrink)

Há um conhecido argumento contra o realismo acerca dos universais. De acordo com ele, tal realismo conduz a um regresso ao infinito. Este artigo visa a mostrar que é possível bloquear o regresso sem lançar mão de recursos argumentativos ad hoc. Algumas considerações sobre a forma lógica de frases relacionais contendo termos que se referem a propriedades e relações mostram como substituir a forma viciosa de regresso por uma menos problemática.

Este artigo teórico consiste na avaliação da investigação jornalística de Daniela Arbex acerca do funcionamento do Hospital Colônia em Barbacena, Minas Gerais, a partir da análise biopolítica do pensador Michel Foucault. O processo de internamento dessa instituição representa, a partir das pesquisas foucaultianas acerca do trato da loucura na Europa moderna, um sólido exemplo do funcionamento da biopolítica no Brasil, mais especificamente no que tange ao fundamento de seu “fazer viver e deixar morrer”. Comparamos o projeto de cuidado terapêutico próprio (...) do saber médico com os procedimentos utilizados nesse ambiente de internação no Brasil do século XX. Desse modo, abordamos o desdobramento para racismo de Estado quando o Colônia assume a função não mais de “deixar morrer”, mas de “fazer morrer” dentro das técnicas do biopoder. Por fim, consideramos o papel da luta antimanicomial organizada no Brasil na década de 1990 enquanto alternativa à internação, mas que acaba promovendo, por sua vez, normalizações outras. (shrink)

This paper presents an ontological perspective that enables evaluating the effectiveness of business models from an integrative worldview. Different groups’ fragmented and reductionist views on this topic create a dichotomy that makes it difficult to compare and analyze them in practice. Such groups use different values for some components, which may result in neglecting others and their interrelationship. This study discusses a functional characteristic of business models that academia still needs to address. It explores new frontiers in the field, such (...) as business models for networks, sustainability, and their practical evaluation. To achieve an integrative ontology and avoid focusing on specific constructs or systems at the expense of others, we draw upon the theory of worldviews from Wilhelm Dilthey, reformational philosophy, and Herman Dooyeweerd’s theory of modal aspects. Society should move beyond dualistic thinking and embrace practical and applicable solutions. To help companies develop effective models, we introduce a new business model framework based on an integrative worldview that enables comparisons and evaluations of companies in practice. Creating competitive advantages and value appropriations synergizes with essential aspects of reformational philosophy. Analyzing and interrelating such elements are fundamental to understanding the real applied value of business models. (shrink)

In this article, we explore the worldview of the pilgrim and how it relates to the drama of human existence. The worldview of the pilgrim is the starting point in our explorations of the postmodern conundrum and interrelated subjects such as epistemology, ethics, religious symbolism, hospitality and practical life strategies from a narrative and confessional perspective. These elaborations will serve the ultimate goal of this article, which is to contribute to the philosophy of education (including educators and educationists) and consequently (...) to equip individuals with skills and substantial knowledge that would allow them to understand, define and pursue their own life goals as well as to participate with integrity in their community as full-fledged, responsible citizens. (shrink)

Rural queer studies, viewed through the lens of relational agriculture, offer critiques of heteropatriarchal norms in farming and highlight strategies used by queer farmers to manoeuvre discrimination and thrive in rural areas. This paper responds to recent calls for further scrutiny of the experiences of gender and sexually underrepresented groups in community-supported agriculture (CSA). It investigates the empowerment of rural queer people in CSA Guadiana, South Portugal, through the experiences of 12 queer members. I collected data through participant observation, semi-structured (...) interviews and a focus group and analysed them through open coding, followed by focused coding. Results indicate that CSA Guadiana, despite not originally designed for this purpose, facilitates various forms of empowerment and active engagement among queer members, particularly influenced by the leadership of queer producers and recurrent gatherings in queer-owned farmland. Three key lessons of queer empowerment in CSA Guadiana emerge from the analysis and contribute to debates on the politics of recognition, queer community action and visibility in the rural context: (i) self-confidence to perform queerness may be restricted to a selective rural community; (ii) partnerships between producers and co-producers may enable reciprocal queer empowerment; and (iii) queer leadership in agri-food community action may quietly represent gender and sexual diversity in the countryside. These findings offer the rural queer literature novel insights into the complexities, contradictions and limitations of empowerment experienced by queer farmers, artisanal food producers and consumers in a rural CSA. (shrink)

O presente artigo almeja demonstrar o projeto de Husserl, de construção de uma ciência rigorosa. Primeiramente, demonstrar-se-á como oconceito pode ser utilizado como um recurso à tentativa psicologista de fundamentação da teoria do conhecimento. Para tal, é imprescindível a distinção entre leis ideais e leis fáticas, isto é, entre o plano real e ideal. Por fim, almeja-se demonstrar queembora o termo “rigor” apareça ao público principalmente em seu artigo Philosophie als strenge Wissenschaft(1911), é possível notar que esta pretensão acompanha, de (...) um modo geral, a sua obra. Mesmo dentre as três grandes fases de seu pensamento i) Halle (1887-1900); ii) Göttingen (1901-1916) e iii) Freiburg (1916-1938), pode-se perceber que o conceito de “rigor” em Husserl, diz respeito ao projeto de construção de uma doutrina apriorique escape à qualquer tipo de relativismo e que constitua as bases para a legitimidade do conhecimento, aplicando-se, inclusive, às demais ciências. (shrink)

Martin Buber is considered one of the 20th centuryes greatest thinkers and his contributions to philosophy, theology and education are testimony to this. His thought is founded on the idea that people are capable of two kinds of relations, namely I-Thou and I-It, emphasising the centrality of dialogue in all spheres of human life. For this reason, Buber is considered by many to be the philosopher of dialogue par excellence. After Buberes death the appreciation of his considerable legacy to the (...) various disciplines in which he had worked became rather muted, but was never completely forgotten. There is now a renewed and growing interest in Buberes thought, especially in his philosophy of education. This book brings together aspects of Buberes philosophy and educational practice, and explains their significance for peace dialogue and for conflict resolution, both between individuals and communities. Buber's philosophy of dialogue and views on education are pivotal in demonstrating the personal and social benefits of dialogical education as well as the dangers of non-dialogical education. The book will be valuable reading for academics, researchers and postgraduate students interested in Martin Buber, education, peace dialogue and conflict resolution. (shrink)

O que se segue é uma apresentação e a tradução de Das Ziel alles Lebens ist der Tod - Schopenhauer und Freuds Todestrieb, de Marcel Zentner, publicado em: RAINER, Specht. Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1993, vol. 75, p. 319 – 340. Trata-se de um detalhamento dos problemas que envolvem o tópos criado por Freud de que, com seu dualismo dos instintos de vida e de morte, exposto em Além do princípio do prazer, “desaguara no porto (...) da filosofia de Schopenhauer”. As diferenças fundamentais desse dualismo com a dicotomia schopenhaueriana da afirmação e negação da Vontade merecem um esclarecimento pormenorizado – defende Zentner, para que não se perca de vista o fato de que a principal antecipação schopenhaueriana de Freud concerne, antes, ao complexo conceitual articulado em torno à primeira teoria dos instintos, a teoria da repressão e o “modelo estrutural da psique”. (shrink)

A partir das considerações sobre a essência da técnica e do artefato, procuramos pensar o seu valor e seu potencial na cultura e na sociedade, e estabelecer em que medida há uma dimensão política sobre esse problema para, então, tentar mostrar que tecnologia precisa possuir um tipo necessário de política. No presente trabalho, partindo do artigo de Langdon Winner e de considerações sobre tecnologia e sociedade, bem como nos valendo de outros nomes do ramo com perspectivas diferentes sobre a técnica, (...) com ênfase em Gilbert Simondon (1924 – 1989) e a sua abordagem sobre o problema entre individuação, técnica e cultura, tentaremos entender possíveis soluções que auxiliem o debate contemporâneo e problemático sobre técnica e política, em especial quando o pressuposto benefício da técnica aos seres humanos não encontra correspondência na realidade. Finalmente, identificar na ação do técnico e na potencialidade criativa e instauradora da individuação novos regimes e condições de realidade que possam fornecer uma base política coletiva. Longe de esgotar os problemas levantados, as considerações aqui presentes nos servem para levar adiante a questão presente sobre a técnica e sua dimensão política. (shrink)

RESUMO A compreensão é um processo que fundamenta a atividade educativa e permite o desenvolvimento do ensino e da aprendizagem. Este artigo apresenta um esforço teórico para sintetizar o conceito de compreensão presente nas contribuições de Bakhtin e do Círculo, baseado em uma revisão das obras Marxismo e filosofia da linguagem. Problemas fundamentais do método sociológico na ciência da linguagem e O freudismo, bem como dos ensaios Os gêneros do discurso, presente na coletânea Estética da criação verbal, e O discurso (...) no romance, da coletânea Questões de literatura e de estética: a teoria do romance, de M. Bakhtin. De acordo com o Círculo, a compreensão é composta por elementos concretos, ideológicos e axiológicos, além de ser um processo que permite a representação e o prolongamento da atividade comunicativa. ABSTRACT Understanding is a process that grounds educational activity and enables the development of teaching and learning. This article presents a theoretical effort to synthesize the concept of understanding in the works of Bakhtin and the Circle. This paper was based on a review of the works Marxism and the Philosophy of Language and Freudianism: a Marxist critique; and on a review of the essay The Problem of Speech Genres, in the collection BAKHTIN, M., Speech Genres and Other Late Essays, and the essay Discourse in the Novel, in BAKHTIN, M., The Dialogical Imagination: Four Essays. According to the Circle, understanding is composed of concrete, ideological, and axiological elements; it is a process that allows the representation and extension of communication. (shrink)